Lymphoedema is a condition which occurs due to the accumulation of fluid in the tissues, caused by a malfunction of the lymphatic system. The latter has the function of defending the organism from external agents, such as bacteria and viruses: through its tiny vessels, indeed, any fluid that is not absorbed by the capillary circulation is recovered and drained. If this process is interrupted, an abnormal swelling can develop and in this way Lymphoedema arises.
Primary Limphoedema which has been included among the rare diseases recognised by the SSN (Sistema Sanitario Nazionale, Italy’s National Healthcare System): it arises due to some failure of the lymphatic system itself and may have genetic basis.
Secondary Lymphoedema is the most common form and occurs as a result of direct damage to the lymphatic system.
Cancer surgery with the removal of lymphatic glands.
Radiotherapy that often leads to the formation of fibrous tissue, which obstructs the flow of lymph.
The invasion of lymph node stations by cancer cells which causes the accumulation of lymph.
The development of cancer close to a lymphatic vessel which, by compressing the latter, causes an obstruction and prevents the lymph nodes from functioning.
Despite the studies and the big number of less invasive techniques, the incidence of post-cancer Lymphoedema remains at significantly high levels.
Lymphoedema can also affect men who have had surgery for urinary bladder or prostate cancer, or for cutaneous neoplasms.
Among women, Lymphoedema may arise due to the removal of inguinal, pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes. Breast cancer is one possible starting condition, but not the only one.
The onset of Lymphoedema may arise at a later time from the surgical operation: during the first year, especially for the lower limbs, but also during the first five years as often happens with the upper limbs.
If you have noticed a persistent swelling, ask your doctor soon. It is the best thing you can do and it is very important.
